Abstract: The article justifies the feasibility of developing a Composite Adaptability Index for the enterprise as a diagnostic tool within the innovative development mechanism under a BANI-type environment, turbulence, and growing role of business R&D.

Enterprise adaptability is interpreted not as a one-time response to shocks, but as a managed capability that enables the detection of changes and opportunities, their timely use through managerial decisions, resource reconfiguration, and the transformation of structures, processes, and competences. The paper argues that existing approaches remain fragmented, as they usually focus on resilience scales, agility metrics, or partial assessments, while a reproducible methodology for measuring enterprise adaptability remains underdeveloped. In response, the study proposes a conceptual architecture of the Composite Adaptability Index based on five sub-indices: innovation-knowledge adaptability, digital-technological adaptability, organizational-managerial adaptability, stakeholder and human-centric adaptability, and adaptability scaling (agility at scale). The latter dimension is important because it reflects the diffusion, standardization, and reuse of adaptive practices across the organization. Methodologically, the index is aligned with the OECD-JRC approach to composite indicators and includes theoretical framing, indicator selection, normalization, weighting, aggregation, and sensitivity analysis. The article also justifies the use of fuzzy-logic transformation for qualitative indicators and Harrington’s scale for converting the value into an interpretable qualitative level. The practical value of the approach lies in benchmarking enterprises, tracking adaptability dynamics, identifying bottlenecks through sub-index profiles, and prioritizing managerial interventions in innovation and digital transformation programs. Unlike descriptive rating tools, the proposed index is integrated into the management feedback loop and can serve as a diagnostic and decision-support instrument.